Longitudinal Analysis of Cytokine Profiles and Their Impact on Tic Disorder Severity Over One Year |
SuHyuk Chi1, Jeong-kyung Ko1, June Kang2, Jeong-An Gim3, Moon-Soo Lee 1,* |
1Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, 2Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, 3Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University |
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in cytokine levels and assess their association with symptom severity over one year.
Methods: 44 tic disorder patients were recruited, 35 completed baseline assessments, and 20 completed endpoint assessments after one year. Based on changes in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores, patients were categorized into' improved' and' persistent' groups. Cytokine levels were measured using a Luminex® human cytokine multiplex assay at both time points.
Results: Significant increases were found in IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-13, while IL-1ra and IL-4 levels decreased. Changes in IFN-γ levels were significantly correlated with changes in tic severity, with higher endpoint IFN-γ levels associated with worsening symptoms. Baseline IL-5 levels were significantly higher in the improved group compared to the persistent group.
Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of IFN-γ and IL-5 as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tic disorders. The findings suggest that these cytokines could be instrumental in assessing tic disorder severity and developing targeted therapies. Further research involving larger cohorts is needed to validate these findings and explore cytokine-targeted therapies for tic disorders.
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Accepted Manuscript [Submitted on 2024-12-23, Accepted on 2025-02-03] |
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