Psychometric Properties of Korean Version of Nonsuicidal Self-injury Inventory: Validation Study of Deliberate Self-harm Inventory
Chan-Mo Yang1,2,3, Kyu-Sic Hwang1,2, Hye-Jin Lee4, Sang-Cheol Choi5,6, Sang-Yeol Lee1,2,3
1Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
2Korea Brain-Behavior Mental Health Institute, Iksan, Korea
3Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
4Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
5Didim Psychiatric Clinic, Seoul, Korea
6Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
Correspondence to: Sang-Yeol Lee
Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University School of
Medicine, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea
E-mail: psysangyeol@hanmail.net
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-9992

Sang-Cheol Choi
Didim Psychiatric Clinic, Guen-Ho Bldg. 5th Fl., Sanggye-dong
724, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01751, Korea
E-mail: sanchul2@hanmail.net
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-4454
Received: June 11, 2024; Revised: July 9, 2024; Accepted: July 13, 2024; Published online: August 27, 2024.
© The Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Nonsuicidal Self-injury Inventory (K-NSSI) through the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI) developed by Gratz for the Korean context and confirm its reliability and validity for clinical application.
Methods: A total of 188 participants were analyzed utilizing the DSHI, the Korean version of the Self-harm Inventory, the Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline Features (PAI-BOR), and the DSM-5 Level-2-Depression scale (Level- 2-Dep). Cronbach’s α assessed their reliability, while frequency analysis examined the items of the K-NSSI scales. Validity of the K-NSSI was confirmed through correlation analyses between K-NSSI (tendency for and frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI] behavior) and SHI, PAI-BOR total scale, four subscales of PAI-BOR, and Level-2-Dep scale. Polyserial correlations analyzed the correlation between the presence of NSSI behavior and other scales. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling explored the relationship between borderline personality features and self-harm.
Results: Cronbach’s α was 0.71, indicating an “acceptable” level of reliability. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the presence of NSSI behavior and the total scores of SHI and PAI-BOR, and the four subscales of PAI-BOR. The frequency of NSSI showed statistically significant correlations with the total score of SHI and PAI-BOR, and its four subscales. Notably, 13.8% of participants reported engaging in self-harm behaviors, 26.9% reported a single occurrence, and 73.1% reported two or more instances. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that self-harm adequately predicted borderline personality traits.
Conclusion: This study successfully validated the adaptation of DSHI into K-NSSI. The K-NSSI can facilitate interventions for self-harm incidents.
Keywords: Nonsuicidal self-injury; Self-harm scale; Deliberate self-harm scale; Scale validation; Self-injurious behavior

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