Transdiagnostic Associations between Anger Hostility and Chemokine Interferon-gamma Inducible Protein 10
Hedda Soloey-Nilsen1,2, Kristin Nygaard-Odeh1,2, Magnhild Gangsoey Kristiansen1,2, Erling Inge Kvig1,2, Ole Lars Brekke1,2, Tom Eirik Mollnes1,3,5,6, Michael Berk7,8, Solveig Klaebo Reitan4,9, Terje Oiesvold1,2
1Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
2Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
4Department of Mental Health (IPH), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
5Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
6Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
7Barwon Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
8Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
9Nidelv Community Center of Mental Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
Correspondence to: Hedda Soloey-Nilsen
Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, N-8092 Bodø, Norway
E-mail: hedda.beate.soloy-nilsen@nordlandssykehuset.no
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3842-2557
Received: April 12, 2023; Revised: May 14, 2023; Accepted: May 24, 2023; Published online: July 17, 2023.
© The Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved.

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Abstract
Objective: Many psychiatric disorders are linked to low grade systemic inflammation as measured by systemic cytokine levels. Exploration of cytokines and immune activity and their role in psychiatric symptoms may inform pathobiology and treatment opportunities. The aim of this study is to explore if there are associations between cytokines and psychiatric symptom clusters. Comparison between patients regularly using and those not using psychotropic medication is also conducted. Methods: This was a cross sectional naturalistic study with 132 participants from a general open inpatient psychiatric ward at the Nordland Hospital Trust, Norway. Serum levels of 28 different cytokines were assessed. Psychiatric symptoms the last week were assessed by a self-rating scale (Symptom check list, SCL-90-R) and grouped in defined clusters. Multiple linear regression model was used for statistical analyses of associations between levels of cytokines and symptoms, adjusting for possible confounding factors. Results: We found a positive association (p = 0.009) between the chemokine interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (CXCL 10; IP-10) and the anger hostility cluster. No associations were found between the other symptom clusters and cytokines. IP-10 and the anger hostility cluster were positively associated (p = 0.002) in the subgroup of patients using psychotropic medication, not in the subgroup not using psychotropic medication. Conclusion: Our analyses revealed a significant positive association between the symptom cluster anger hostility in SCL-90-R and the chemokine IP-10 in the subgroup of patients using psychotropic medications.
Keywords: Immune system; Cytokines; Psychiatry; Neuroscience

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