Successful Electroconvulsive Therapy for Tardive Dyskinesia and Tardive Dystonia Refractory to Valbenazine Treatment: A Case Report and Narrative Literature Review
Keisuke Irinaka1, Yu Itoh1, Kazuhisa Yoshizawa1, Masaya Ogasawara1, Naoko Ayabe2, Kazuo Mishima1, Masahiro Takeshima1
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
2Department of Regional Studies and Humanities, Faculty of Education and Human Studies, Akita University, Akita, Japan
Correspondence to: Masahiro Takeshima
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita city, Akita 010-8543, Japan
E-mail: m.takeshima@med.akita-u.ac.jp
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-7524
Received: March 5, 2024; Revised: May 13, 2024; Accepted: June 11, 2024; Published online: August 7, 2024.
© The Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia are intractable extrapyramidal symptoms caused by the blockade of dopamine receptors by antipsychotic drugs. In addition to the reduction or discontinuation of the causative drug, valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia and botulinum toxin for tardive dystonia have been reported to be effective. However, their efficacy has not been fully demonstrated. In this study, we report the case of a female patient with bipolar disorder, valbenazine-resistant tardive dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia who achieved improvement in extrapyramidal symptoms with electroconvulsive therapy. Additionally, we conducted a narrative literature review on the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy for tardive dyskinesia and dystonia.
Keywords: Electroconvulsive therapy; Tardive dyskinesia; Tardive dystonia; Valbenazine

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