Fig. 2. Effects of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and antidepressants on neuroplasticity through cell signaling systems. 5-HT, serotonin; 5-HTR, serotonin receptor; AC, adenylyl cyclase; AR, adrenergic receptor; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; cAMP, cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate; CREB, cAMP-responsive element binding protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Gs, G proteins; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; MEK, Ras/Raf/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP)/ERK kinase; NE, norepinephrine; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA, protein kinase A; Shc, Src homology and containing protein; Sos, son of sevenless; TrkB, tropomyosin receptor kinase B. Original illustration created with BioRender.com by MK Seo.
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